Rusch T, Mair P (2026). cops: Cluster Optimized Proximity Scaling. R package version 1.14-1, https://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/stops/.

Rusch T, Mair P, Hornik K (2021). “Cluster Optimized Proximity Scaling.” Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 1156-1167. doi:10.1080/10618600.2020.1869027.

If powerStressMin() is used, please cite:

de Leeuw J, Groenen P, Mair P (2016). “Minimizing rstress using majorization.” UCLA, Los Angeles. https://rpubs.com/deleeuw/142619.

Corresponding BibTeX entries:

  @Manual{,
    title = {cops: Cluster Optimized Proximity Scaling},
    author = {Thomas Rusch and Patrick Mair},
    year = {2026},
    note = {R package version 1.14-1},
    url = {https://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/stops/},
  }

  @Article{,
    author = {Thomas Rusch and Patrick Mair and Kurt Hornik},
    title = {Cluster Optimized Proximity Scaling},
    journal = {Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics},
    year = {2021},
    number = {30},
    issue = {4},
    pages = {1156-1167},
    doi = {10.1080/10618600.2020.1869027},
  }

  @TechReport{,
    author = {Jan {de Leeuw} and Patrick Groenen and Patrick Mair},
    title = {Minimizing rstress using majorization},
    address = {Los Angeles},
    institution = {UCLA},
    series = {UCLA Statistics Preprint Series},
    year = {2016},
    url = {https://rpubs.com/deleeuw/142619},
  }